# Operators

Operators are symbols used to execute certian operations represented by it.
## 🧮 Arithmetic operators
Consider `y = 5` 
|Operator|Example|Result|Description|
|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
|+|x = y + 2|7|Addition|
|-|x = y - 2|3|Subtraction|
|*|x = y * 2|10|Multiplication|
|/|x = y / 2|2.5|Division|
|%|x = y % 2|1|Remainder (Modulo)|
|**|x = y ** 2|25|Exponentiation|
|++|x = ++y|6|Pre-increment|
|--|x = --y|4|Pre-decrement|
## 🟰 Assignment operators
Consider `x = 10 y = 5`
|Operator|Example|Result|Description|
|:---:|:---:|:---:|:---:|
|=|x = y|5||
|+=|x += y|15|x=x+y|
|-=|x -= y|5|x=x-y|
|*=|x *= y|50|x=x*y |
|/=|x /= y|2|x=x/y|
|%=|x %= y|0|x=x%y|
|**|x **= y|100000|x = x ** y|

### ➕ operator logic
The `+` operator performs either addition or string concatenation.
- If string concatenation is triggered, values are converted to strings.
- Otherwise, values are converted to primitives, then numeric addition is performed.
- Objects and arrays are converted to primitive values when necessary. 
```js
txt1="What a very "; 
txt2="nice day"; 
txt3=txt1+txt2; // What a very nice day
````

With mixed data types, the + operator causes JavaScript to run through a set sequence of **type conversions**  
> IF String is present -> Convert into String and concatenate\
> IF NOT\
> IF Object/Array is present -> Convert into primitive\
> If NOT\
> Convert into Numeric type and add\
> If NOT possible to even convert into number\
> return NaN

#### Illustraction of + operator
```js
[] + 1          // "1"
"Hi" + 1        // "Hi1"
true + false    // 1
true + "1"      // "true1"
true + 1        // 2
null + 1        // 1
undefined + 1   // NaN
````
> *Note*
>
> Other arithmetic operators try to convert all other types into numeric.  
> Ex: "5" - 5 --> 0

## ⚖️Comparison operators

|Operator|Description|Example|Result|
|:-:|:-:|:-:|:-:|
|==|equal to|true == 1|true|
|===|exactly equal to|true === 1|false|
|!=|not equal to|true != 1|false|
|!==|Strictly not equal to|true !== 1|true|
|<|Less than|1 < 3|true|
|>|Greater than|4 > 5|false|
|<=|Less than or equal to|1 <= 1|true|
|>=|Greater than or equal to|10 >= 20|false|

## 🧠 Logical operators

|Operator|Description|Example|
|:-:|:-:|:-:|
|AND &&|True if all conditions are true|(x == 3)&&(y > 0)|
|OR \|\||True if any one of all conditions is true|(x == 3)\|\|(y > 0)|
|NOT !|Toggles the condition result|!(x == 3)|
> *Note*
>
> Logical operators can return actual values, not just `true` or `false`.
> ```js
> "Hello" && 5  // 5
> "" || "Hi"    // "Hi"
> !0            // true
> ```


## ❓Conditional operator
Syntax:\
_variable_ **=** _condition_ **?** _value_if_true_ **:** _value_if_false_
#### Example
```js
isAdult = (age >= 18) ? "Yes" : "No" ;
````